Design and Construction of Electromagnetic Braking System

Abstract

In this paper we had develop the electromagnetic braking system. Braking System should ensure the safety and comfort of the passenger, driver and other road user. The brake must be strong enough to stop the vehicle during emergency within shortest distance. Theconvential braking system are bulky and power to weight ratio is low.Electromagnetic braking system is high-tech braking system find its use in small & heavy vehicle like car, jeep, truck, busses etc. This paper represent about minimizing the brake failure in order to avoid the accident. It also reduces the maintenance of braking system. The effectiveness of brake should remain constant. The proper cooling of brake gives anti fade character and efficient operation of brake. Proper lubrication and maintenance must be done to operate brake safe, effective and progressive with minimum fatigue to driver. This system provides better response time for emergency situations and in general keeps the friction brake working longer and safer. Keyword- Brake, Electromagnetism, Brake power, Torque Introduction Electromagnetic brakes have been used as supplementary retardation equipment in addition to the regular friction brakes on heavy vehicles. We outline the general principles of regular brakes and several alternative retardation techniques in this section. The working principle and characteristics of electromagnetic brakes are then highlighted.The principle of braking in road vehicles involves the conversion of kinetic energy into thermal energy (heat). When stepping on the brakes, the driver commands a stopping force several times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion and dissipates the associated kinetic energy as heat. Brakes must be able to arrest the speed of a vehicle in a short periods of time regardless how fast the speed is. As a result, the brakes are required to have the ability to generating high torque and absorbing energy at extremely high rates for short periods of time. Brakes may be applied for a prolonged periods of time in some applications such as a heavy vehicle descending a long gradient at high speed. Brakes have to have the mechanism to keep the heat absorption capability for prolonged periods of time. In the electromagnetic brake, the coil or solenoid attracts a steel disc. The steel disc presses a brake disc made of sintered or asbestos material between itself and a stationary steel disc. The torque is thus 'grounded' and braking action takes place. This type of brake is used in machines like lathes, presses etc.In electro-magnetic braking system electro-magnetic property is used due to this action of braking will be done. In this system, electro magnet iron plate, liners, tension spring, stud, disc brake plate are used.The brake liners are attached with electro-magnet and iron plate individually and both plate insert the disc plate and this plate rigidly attached with wheels. The battery of minimum 12 volt is used for external power supply. Electromagnet consists of wire wound over a soft iron core. When current is passed through the coil, it produces a magnetic field which magnetizes the core into the bar magnet with the polarities. Strong magnetic field is obtained by high currents of large self-induction. High currents are not always feasible, which is why a high self-induction is obtained by making a loop of wire in the shape of a coil, a so-called solenoid. More current and more turns produce a stronger magnetic field which results in stronger electromagnet. When current is switched OFF field disappears and the iron core no longer a magnet. This ability of an electromagnet provides a strong