Training & Development Practices: Findings from the Literatures

Abstract

This literature review examines the evolution, methodologies, and impacts of training and development (T&D) across various sectors and countries. Preliminary studies from Bangladesh emphasize the fundamental importance of training in the banking sector and associated domains, such as public health and law enforcement, highlighting the necessity of structured training to enhance operational efficiency. International research broadens the scope by examining training and development in various contexts, including trade unions in Ireland, management development in Libya, micro-businesses in underdeveloped regions, and human resource development in European call centers and Swedish enterprises. These studies underscore the significant impact of environmental, cultural, and institutional factors on T&D practices. Recent contributions indicate a shift towards performance-oriented training and strategic alignment. Research on countries such as Jordan, the Philippines, Taiwan, India, and Pakistan demonstrates that companies increasingly utilize training and development to achieve organizational objectives and fulfill employee development goals. Significant trends encompass the incorporation of technology in training delivery, the increasing importance of behavioral and soft skills, and the recognition of training and development as a catalyst for employee satisfaction, retention, and productivity. Due to its effectiveness being intricately connected to the broader socioeconomic and organizational context in which it is implemented, the literature consistently affirms that training and development has emerged as a strategic necessity.