Design and Implementation of Robot Car Based on ATmega328P

Abstract

In today’s world, intelligent robotic cars play a significant role across various fields, including military operations, industrial manufacturing, warehouses, laboratories, and daily life services. These systems not only provide convenience and efficiency but also contribute significantly to economic development. With the widespread adoption of smart cars in human activities, there is an increasing demand for robotic systems capable of solving complex problems in dynamic environments. Consequently, higher performance and safety requirements are being set for intelligent vehicles, especially in hazardous scenarios such as handling explosive devices, managing radioactive substances, and conducting search-and-rescue operations. A robotic car is typically an integration of electronic, electrical, and mechanical engineering systems, designed to perform tasks autonomously or under human supervision. In such contexts, wireless remote-controlled robot cars can play a crucial role in reducing human risk while maintaining operational efficiency. This research focuses on the design and implementation of an intelligent robotic car based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. The system incorporates a Bluetooth communication module for smartphone-based control, and an ultrasonic ranging module for distance measurement. The robot combines both autonomous and manual control modes through integrated hardware, embedded control algorithms, and a four-wheel mechanical structure. Experimental results demonstrate that the smart car successfully performs functions such as Bluetooth-based smartphone-based control, real-time video streaming, obstacle avoidance, line following.