Design and Simulation of a PI-Controlled Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Precise Voltage Regulation

Abstract

This study presents a DC-DC boost converter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller for efficient voltage regulation where a 60 V input was utilized to obtain a stable 110 V output with fast response, low ripple, and high stability under load variations. The numerical calculation was carried out by employing MATLAB/Simulink with continuous conduction mode (CCM) approach where the values of the fundamental components including the inductor, capacitor, and load resistor were considered based on a 400 W design specification. The PI controller was tuned using the Simulink PID tuner to optimize system performance where final tuned gains, Kp=0.023954 and Ki=8.2609 delivered excellent dynamic results with a rise time of 0.0459 s, a settling time of 0.0746 s, and an overshoot of only 0.361%. The steady state duty cycle reached 0.46, matching theoretical expectations. Moreover, the output voltage ripple was maintained within 0.1%, and inductor current remained steady around 6.85 A, confirming operation in CCM. Error-based performance metrics, including IAE, ISE, ITAE, MAE, and MSE all showed negligible values, indicating high control accuracy.