The Challenges of Implementing Safe, Voluntary, and Dignified Repatriation of Rohingya Refugees under International Law”

Abstract

This research monograph examines the multifaceted challenges in implementing safe, voluntary, and dignified repatriation of Rohingya refugees under international law. It analyzes the historical background of the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar, relevant legal frameworks, state and non-state actors, and institutional challenges in Bangladesh and Myanmar. Through a doctrinal and socio-legal approach, the study assesses legal norms such as non-refoulement, human rights obligations, refugee protection principles, and political dynamics affecting repatriation. The monograph highlights structural barriers—security, citizenship denial, discriminatory policies, accountability deficits, and regional geopolitics. It evaluates repatriation attempts, including bilateral agreements between Bangladesh and Myanmar, critiques compliance gaps, and proposes a rights-based repatriation framework. Policy recommendations focus on international cooperation, legal reforms in Myanmar, accountability for crimes against humanity, and enhanced protection assurances. Ultimately, the research argues that without substantial legal and political restructuring, repatriation cannot fulfill international law requirements for being truly safe, voluntary, and dignified.