DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DUAL AXIS ROBOTIC SOLAR PANEL TRACKER

Abstract

This project presents the design, construction, and performance analysis of a Dual- Axis Robotic Solar Panel Tracker aimed at maximizing the efficiency of solar energy harvesting. Conventional fixed solar panels suffer from energy loss due to the changing position of the sun throughout the day and across seasons. To overcome this limitation, this system utilizes a dual-axis tracking mechanism that enables the solar panel to follow the sun’s trajectory both horizontally (azimuth) and vertically (elevation). The system is developed using an Arduino/PIC microcontroller integrated with four Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) placed at the corners of the panel to detect the intensity of sunlight. Based on the sensor feedback, two Servo Motors are controlled to orient the panel at an optimal 90-degree angle to the sun’s rays. Additionally, the project incorporates a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm or charge controller to optimize the power output and battery charging efficiency. Experimental results indicate that the dual-axis tracker significantly enhances the energy output compared to static solar systems. Performance analysis shows an efficiency improvement of approximately 25% to 40%, depending on weather conditions. This project demonstrates a cost-effective and sustainable solution for improving solar power generation in residential and industrial applications.