DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A STAIR-CLIMBING LOAD-CARRYING ROBOT WITH GRIPPER MECHANISM

Abstract

Robotics plays a vital role in modern engineering, particularly in applications involving automation, material handling, and operations in complex environments. This project presents the design and development of a Stair Climber Robot with Gripper, capable of navigating staircases and uneven surfaces while handling objects. The robot is powered by a 12V DC gear motor and three 3.7V batteries, with an Arduino Nano serving as the central control unit. Ultrasonic sensors detect stairs and guide the robot’s movement, while an MG995 servo motor adjusts the front wheel for smooth ascent or descent. A force sensor triggers the gripping mechanism, controlled by SG90 servo motors, enabling secure object handling. Wireless control is achieved using a NodeMCU module integrated with the Blynk IoT platform, and motor direction is managed via a relay module. Mechanically, the robot employs a three-wheel series configuration with a belt-driven system for coordinated movement and torque transmission. The system effectively combines mechanical design, sensor integration, embedded systems, and IoT-based control, making it suitable for applications in material transport, hazardous environments, and research in autonomous robotic mobility.