A Study on Juvenile Justice System in Bangladesh : A Critical Overview

Abstract

The juvenile justice system in Bangladesh has undergone significant legal and institutional reforms over the past decades, particularly with the enactment of the Children Act 2013, which replaced the outdated Children Act 1974. Despite the legislative advancements aimed at aligning national laws with international standards such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the practical implementation of juvenile justice remains fraught with challenges. This thesis critically examines the legal framework, institutional mechanisms, and socio-legal dynamics that shape the juvenile justice system in Bangladesh. It explores the extent to which the current system adheres to principles of child protection, restorative justice, and due process, while highlighting persistent issues such as arbitrary detention, lack of specialized juvenile courts, inadequate legal representation, and poor rehabilitation facilities. Drawing on a combination of doctrinal legal analysis and empirical findings from reports, case studies, and judicial decisions, this study identifies gaps between law and practice. It further investigates the roles of law enforcement agencies, judiciary, and non-governmental organizations in safeguarding the rights of children in conflict with the law. The thesis also assesses the socio-economic factors contributing to juvenile delinquency and critiques the often punitive rather than rehabilitative approach in dealing with young offenders. Ultimately, this research argues for a more child-centric and rights-based approach to juvenile justice, emphasizing capacity building, legal awareness, diversion programs, and stronger monitoring mechanisms. The findings aim to inform policymakers, legal professionals, and human rights advocates about the reforms needed to ensure a fair, effective, and humane juvenile justice system in Bangladesh.