Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy System (Solar-Wind-Battery) for Rural Electrification

Abstract

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the depletion of fossil fuel resources have accelerated the development of renewable energy-based hybrid systems for rural electrification. This project presents the fabrication and performance analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system integrating a 40W solar panel, a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), and a 12V, 9Ah battery storage system with IoT-based real-time monitoring. The system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller, voltage and current sensors, LCD display, and ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote monitoring and data collection. Experimental analysis showed that the solar panel generated an average output power of approximately 24.98W, while the wind turbine produced an average output of 2.53W under available wind conditions, resulting in a combined hybrid output of approximately 27.51W. The battery provided backup support for low-power DC loads and demonstrated stable charging characteristics during hybrid operation. Compared to conventional single-source renewable systems, the proposed hybrid system improved energy reliability and ensured continuous energy availability by combining both solar and wind energy sources. Real-time IoT monitoring enabled continuous observation of voltage, current, and power parameters, improving system analysis and operational efficiency. The proposed system provides a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and portable renewable energy solution suitable for small-scale rural electrification and educational research applications.