Development of an Arduino Nano-Based Advanced air Defence System for Threat Detection and Neutralization

Abstract

The Air Defence System is an Arduino-based prototype designed to simulate real-time target detection, tracking, and automated engagement using a simplified radar interface displayed on a laptop screen. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor to scan a wide arc, emitting pulses and measuring the echo time to calculate the distance of approaching objects. The Arduino Nano acts as the central controller, processing the sensor data and sending it to a laptop, where the radar interface visually represents the target’s position and movement. When an object enters a predefined critical range, the system triggers a simulated missile launch mechanism to demonstrate automated Defence response. This setup eliminates additional hardware displays or warning buzzers, focusing on software-based visualization for monitoring and tracking. The project highlights the integration of embedded systems, real time data acquisition, and automated control, providing a cost-effective and educational platform. It serves as a practical demonstration of radar-based surveillance, responsive target tracking, and automated engagement principles, offering insights into modern Defence system concepts in a safe and controlled laboratory environment.