Criminology in Context: A Theoretical Analysis of Social and Political Unrest in Bangladesh

Abstract

This study titled “Criminology in Context: A Theoretical Analysis of Social and Political Unrest in Bangladesh” examines the nature, causes, and consequences of social and political unrest from a criminological perspective. It explores how structural inequalities, political dynamics, institutional weaknesses, and socio-economic conditions contribute to patterns of crime, deviance, and collective violence. The study integrates major criminological theories, including strain theory, conflict theory, social disorganization theory, labeling theory, and radical criminology, to explain the underlying factors of unrest. The research adopts a qualitative and analytical approach, relying on secondary sources such as books, journal articles, legal documents, and institutional reports. Findings indicate that social and political unrest in Bangladesh is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by economic inequality, political polarization, corruption, youth unemployment, rapid urbanization, and weak institutional governance. Urban centers such as Dhaka are particularly significant in shaping and intensifying these dynamics due to population density and political concentration. The study concludes that unrest is not merely a law-and-order issue but a structural and institutional problem rooted in broader socio-political conditions. It recommends comprehensive reforms focusing on reducing inequality, strengthening governance, ensuring rule of law, and promoting inclusive development to achieve long-term social stability