A Study on Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh

Abstract

The Rohingya refugee crisis is one of the most significant humanitarian challenges of the twenty first century. Since August 2017, more than one million Rohingya people have fled from Myanmar to Bangladesh due to widespread persecution, violence, and human rights violations. This study examines the protection of refugees under international law with a particular focus on the situation of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. It analyzes the legal framework governing refugee protection, including the principles enshrined in international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and customary international law, especially the principle of non refoulement. Although Bangladesh is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, it has provided shelter and humanitarian assistance to a large number of Rohingya refugees on humanitarian grounds. The study explores the legal status, rights, and challenges faced by Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, including issues related to education, healthcare, employment, freedom of movement, and durable solutions. It further evaluates the role of international organizations, particularly the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, in ensuring refugee protection and supporting host communities. The research identifies gaps between international legal standards and the practical realities experienced by Rohingya refugees. Finally, it highlights the need for greater international cooperation, responsibility-sharing, and sustainable solutions, including the safe, voluntary, and dignified repatriation of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar. The study concludes that effective protection of Rohingya refugees requires a comprehensive approach that combines legal safeguards, humanitarian assistance, and long-term political solutions to address the root causes of displacement.