Ukraine-Russia Conflict

Abstract

The conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which escalated significantly following the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, has resulted in numerous violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This comparative study aims to examine and analyze these IHL violations, focusing on their nature, impact, and the legal and ethical implications for both state and non-state actors involved. The objectives of this research include identifying specific breaches of IHL, assessing their impact on civilians, and exploring the challenges in documenting and prosecuting these violations. Additionally, the study evaluates the role of international organizations and courts in addressing these breaches and proposes recommendations for enhancing compliance with IHL. The research employs a comprehensive methodology, including extensive literature reviews, data collection from primary and secondary sources, qualitative and quantitative data analysis, and a detailed legal analysis of relevant IHL frameworks. Comparative analysis with other conflicts provides broader insights into the patterns and challenges of upholding IHL. The findings reveal widespread violations such as indiscriminate attacks, targeting of civilians, use of prohibited weapons, and severe humanitarian crises. Both Ukrainian forces and Russian-backed separatists have been implicated in these violations, often denying responsibility and blaming each other. The study underscores the urgent need for improved accountability mechanisms, enhanced humanitarian assistance, and stronger international cooperation to uphold IHL principles. By addressing these issues, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics of the Ukraine-Russia conflict and offers practical recommendations to mitigate IHL violations and protect affected populations.