Labour Rights for Women in Readymade Garment Industries in Bangladesh: A Study

Abstract

The ready-made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh is one of the largest and most vital sectors of the economy, employing millions of workers, the majority of whom are women. Despite their significant contribution, female workers in this industry continue to face a range of challenges, including low wages, unsafe working conditions, and inadequate protection of their labour rights. This study aims to investigate the labour rights of women in the RMG sector in Bangladesh, focusing on the existing legal frameworks, the challenges women face in asserting their rights, and the potential for reforms. The research examines socio-economic factors influencing women's participation in the RMG sector, such as poverty, lack of education, and limited employment opportunities. It also explores the legal landscape, particularly the Labour Act of 2006, and other relevant national and international frameworks, assessing their effectiveness in safeguarding women's rights. Despite the presence of legal protections, many women continue to face exploitation, discrimination, and unsafe working conditions due to factors such as inadequate enforcement, lack of awareness of their rights, and fear of retaliation. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including interviews with women workers and industry experts, the study highlights the key challenges in the sector, including poor working conditions, gender-based discrimination, and the absence of social security. The research also explores the role of trade unions, non governmental organizations, and international bodies in advocating for better rights and conditions for female workers. The findings suggest that while some improvements have been made, significant reforms are still necessary to protect women’s rights in the RMG sector. Recommendations include stronger enforcement of labour laws, worker education programs on legal rights, and gender-sensitive policies to address the unique challenges women face in the workplace. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive legal and social reforms, along with greater collaboration among the government, employers, trade unions, and civil society, to improve the labour rights and working conditions of women in the RMG sector in Bangladesh.