A Study on Labor Rights for Women in Readymade Garment Industries of Bangladesh

Abstract

The readymade garment (RMG) industry is the backbone of Bangladesh‘s economy and one of the largest employers of women in the country. While the sector has created vast employment opportunities for women, it has also exposed them to widespread exploitation, inequality, and violations of fundamental labour rights. This study explores the legal, institutional, and social dimensions of labour rights for women in the RMG sector of Bangladesh, focusing on both the protection provided by national and international legal frameworks and the challenges of enforcement and awareness at the grassroots level. Using a qualitative research approach supported by case studies, legal analysis, and secondary data, the study examines key issues such as wage disparity, unsafe working conditions, denial of maternity benefits, workplace harassment, and the underrepresentation of women in trade unions. It critically reviews the Bangladesh Labour Act, 2006 (amended in 2013 and 2018), constitutional provisions, ILO conventions, and the influence of international instruments like the Geneva Conventions and CEDAW. The research reveals a significant gap between legal rights and real-world practices. It highlights that although the legal framework for protecting women workers is relatively comprehensive, enforcement remains weak due to institutional inefficiency, lack of awareness, fear of retaliation, and social stigma. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for strengthening legal enforcement, promoting gender-sensitive workplace policies, empowering women through union participation and legal literacy, and increasing accountability among factory owners and international buyers. This monograph contributes to the broader discourse on gender, labour justice, and sustainable industrial development by emphasizing that economic growth must go hand in hand with human rights and gender equality.